1 物称与人称
英语中多以物作主语的句子通常转化为中文中人作主语的句子,学会用“人们”作主语。
①An idea suddenly struck me. 我突然想到了一个主意。
②A strange peace came over her when she was alone. 她独处时便感到一种特殊的安宁。
③it can be temporarily hidden from view.(考研英语一2016年47题)人们有时会看不见它。
2 被动与主动
英语中的被动句通常转化为中文的主动句。
①Voices were heard calling for help. 有人听见呼救的声音。
②A native literary drama had been created.(考研英语一2018年49题)一种本土的文学戏剧已经形成。
③Beethoven's habit of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a suddensoft passage was only rarely used by composers before him.(考研英语一2014年48题)贝多芬习惯用一种极大的强度来提高音量,然后突然衔接一段柔和的小节,在他之前极少有作曲家这么做。
通称或泛称被动句学会使用“人”作主语。“有人”“人们”“大家”“某人”等
①It is generally considered that.. 人们普遍认为...
②It is well known that...众所周知...
3 静态与动态
英语中的静态表达多转换为中文里的动态表达。
①He is a good eater and a good sleeper. 他能吃能睡。
②He has someone behind him. 有人给他撑腰。
③that the young generation of the United Kingdom do not need additional language capabilities.(2017年47题)以至于觉得英国的年轻后辈不需要学习其他语言。(不需要额外的语言能力→不需要学习其他语言)
4 克制陈述
英语中轻描淡写克制陈述,故意把大事化小的表达,在中文里要放大处理。
①I couldn’t feel better. 我觉得身体好极了。
②It serves no little purpose to continue public discussion of this issue. 继续公开讨论这一问题是大有用处的。
③Our mental health doesn't really go anywhere.健康的心理其实无处不在。(2016年47题)
5 替换与重复
英语中替换性语言要中文里要重复出来。
英文常见的替换方法有四种:
(1)替代
In any case work does not include time, but power does.(does指代include time)
在任何情况下,功不包括时间,但功率却包括时间。
(2)省略
Work with, and not against, nature. (not后省略了work)
要顺应自然工作,不要违反自然工作。
(3)变换(包括用同义词、近义词、概括词等替换上文)
John has bought himself a new Ford but he seldom drives the car.
约翰给自己买了一辆福特,但他却很少开。(用car替换指代上文中的Ford,此处不必译出来,根据中文习惯视情况而定)
(4)重复
Let him say what he likes; I’ll just get on with my work.
他说他的,我干我的。